□ 대한수의사회 산하 한국양돈수의사회는 2009년 4월 23일(한국 시간 24일)에 발표된 멕시코의 독감발병 사태에 대하여, 미국 CDC의 원인체 유전자 분석 결과 swine influenza type A와 유사한 바이러스가 원인체이며, 이로 인하여 돼지 인플루엔자로 통칭하고 있지만, 이러한 명칭사용이 양돈산업에 대한 방역과 국민들에게 오해의 소지를 주고 있으므로 돼지 인플루엔자 명칭의 변경을 요구한다.
□ 현 황
- 최근 멕시코와 미국에서 발생하고 있는 인플루엔자 바이러스
대한 명칭이 통일되지 않고 사용되고 있음.
- 현재 미국 등에서는 사람 돼지 독감 (Human case of swine
influenza)로 명명하고 있음.
- 현재 우리나라에서는 돼지독감 (Swine influenza; SI)로 사용되
고 있음.
- 현재까지 멕시코에서의 최초 발생이 돼지에게서 먼저 일어난
뒤 사람에게로 전파되었다는 명확한 보고가 아직 없으며, 핵
심은 멕시코에서 예전에 없던 바이러스가 나타나 사람에게
감염되고 사람과 사람간에 전파가 일어난다는 것이다.
□ 문제점
- 현재 우리나라 언론에서 사용되고 있는 “돼지독감”이라는 명
칭은 일반적으로 돼지에서 발생하고 있는 모든 돼지 인플루
엔자를 포함하는 포괄적 명칭으로 일반 시민들에게 잘못된
정보를 전달할 소지가 많음.
□ 과거 독감 발생시 명칭 사용예
- 1968-1969년도에 홍콩에서 발생한 홍콩독감은 조류에서
그 바이러스가 유래하였지만 조류독감이라고 명명하지 않고
그 나라의 이름을 딴 홍콩독감 (Hong Kong Flu)으로 불리고
있음.
- 1918년에 스페인에서 유행한 독감역시 그 나라의 이름을 딴
스페인독감 (Spanish Flu)으로 불리고 있음.
□ 종합검토의견
- 이번에 멕시코 및 미국에서 발생한 독감이 돼지에서 기원한
변종이라고 할지라도 돼지 독감 (Swine flu)라 명명하는 것은
너무 의미가 포괄적이고 과거 발생사례에서와 같이 우리나라
에서는 멕시코 독감 (Mexican Flu) 또는 신형 인플루엔자로
명명하는 것이 타당함.
- 또한 원래 일반적으로 돼지에서 유행하고 있으며, 사람에게는
감염되지 않는 돼지 인플루엔자(classical swine influenza)와
차별화하고, 국민에게 불필요한 불안과 소비위축으로 인한 양
돈농가의 피해를 방지하기 위해서라도 돼지독감(인플루엔자)
라는 일반 명칭보다는 멕시코독감으로 명확하게 명명하는 것
이 타당함.
첨부 1)
Industry News - AM
Industry battles social media over flu misinformation
By Lisa M. Keefe on 4/28/2009
The pork industry was facing plenty of challenges before the swine flu outbreak became a story over the weekend. Now the industry is attempting to engage — and correct — the vast social media networks that are spreading misinformation about the virus.
Bloggers, Facebook posts and Twitter are among the non-moderated networks through which many consumers spread information about and read up on issues. By Monday afternoon, Facebook had more than 100 "group" Web pages dedicated to swine flu.
Wrote one Facebook poster: "MmMmM BACON. & all you have to deal with is a little fever nausea and diarrhea and a chance of death but other than that your cool!" (sic).
Among bloggers, a large number are spreading the word from the CDC, WHO and the Obama administration that the virus is mis-named, treatable with medicines such as Tamiflu and unrelated to swine so far.
Others, however, are picking up and repeating a story that appeared in a Mexican newspaper near the town where the outbreak seems to have started, in which residents (not the authorities) blame a nearby pig production facility. "Swine-flu outbreak could be linked to Smithfield factory farms" is the headline on a blog entry on the Grist site by food editor Tom Philpott, himself co-founder of Maverick Farms, an educational, non-profit farm in North Carolina.
(Smithfields business unit has not been named by any authorities of the Mexican government as a possible culprit. The company, in a statement on its Web site, said it has "found no clinical signs or symptoms of the presence of swine influenza ... in Mexico," and that the Mexican businesses "routinely administer influenza virus vaccination ... and conduct monthly tests for the presence of swine influenza.")
Twitter seems particularly adept at spreading misinformation, with such statements as "Swine flu? Wow. All that pork infecting people … " and "pigs are the reason for swine flu, don eat pork."
Industry intervention
Industry groups and government officials are doing their best to battle the pandemic of inaccuracies. Iowa Sen. Chuck Grassley tweeted his own message on Twitter: "U can get swine flu from eating pork. Eatup. Regardless of epidemic."
The world organization for animal health OIE in Paris released a statement noting "it is not justified to name this disease swine influenza" and positing that the name be changed to "North American influenza" due to its geographic origins.
North American Meat Processors Association, American Meat Institute, National Meat Association, National Pork Producers Council and the Pork Board also released statements decrying the fear that pork could infect humans.
And from Sunday evening to Monday afternoon, Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack released two statements about the outbreak and the safety of pork and USDA published a Q&A about the virus. (See USDA has answers on swine relationship to hybrid influenza, on Meatingplace, April 27, 2009.)
"It is important to remember that … swine flu viruses are not transmitted by food. In fact, cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160 degrees F kills all viruses and other foodborne pathogens. Eating properly handled and cooked pork or pork products is safe," Vilsack said in a statement.
Still, its hard to keep pace with the viral nature of social media. In the course of a five-minute search on Facebook Monday afternoon, the number of "group" Web pages dedicated to the new flu jumped to 115 from 108.
http://www.meatingplace.com/MembersOnly/webNews/details.aspx?item=12149
첨부 2)
What is this flu that people are talking about in the news?
•It is a new strain of flu that consists of a mixture of genetic material from swine, avian and human influenza viruses.
Is USDA testing and monitoring to make sure swine are not infected with the virus and if so, how?
•A network of Federal veterinarians, state animal health officials and private practitioners are regularly involved with monitoring U.S. swine for signs of significant disease.
•To date, there have been no reports that the influenza virus currently causing illness in humans is circulating anywhere in the U.S. swine herd.
•As a proactive measure, USDA is reaching out to all state animal health officials to affirm they have no signs of this virus type in their state.
•USDA has put U.S. pork producers on a high alert for safety.
http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2009/04/0131.xml
첨부 3)
A/H1N1 influenza like human illness in Mexico and the USA: OIE statement
Paris, April 27 - 2009 - A virus circulating in Mexico and the USA and involving person to person transmission appears to cause in some cases severe disease in certain people infected by this virus. There is no evidence that this virus is transmitted by food.
It is not a classical human influenza virus called seasonal influenza, which causes every year millions of human cases of influenza worldwide but a virus which includes in its characteristics swine, avian and human virus components.
Any current information in influenza like animal disease in Mexico or the USA could support a link between human cases and possible animal cases including swine. The virus has not been isolated in animals to date. Therefore, it is not justified to name this disease swine influenza. In the past, many human influenza epidemics with animal origin have been named using their geographic name, eg Spanish influenza or Asiatic influenza, thus it would be logical to call this disease “North-American influenza”.
Urgent scientific research must be started in order to know the susceptibility of animals to this new virus, and if relevant to implement biosecurity measures including possible vaccination to protect susceptible animals. If this virus would be shown to cause disease in animals, virus circulation could worsen the regional and global situation for public health.
Currently, only findings related to the circulation of this virus in pigs in zones of countries having human cases would justify trade measures on the importation of pigs from these countries. The OIE will continue its alert function and will publish in relation with its Members, Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres all appropriate information in real time.
OIE and FAO underline the great value of the influenza veterinary laboratory network called OFFLU, in charge of the surveillance of the evolution of influenza viruses in animals. There is a strong need to reinforce this network whose members are urged to put immediately in the public domain any genetic sequence of influenza virus they obtain.
This influenza event underlines in all countries the crucial importance of maintaining worldwide veterinary services able to implement in animals early detection of relevant emerging pathogens with a potential public health impact. This capacity is fully linked with veterinary services good governance and their compliance with OIE international standards of quality.
April 2009
http://www.oie.int/eng/press/en_090427.htm
